Source code for statsmodels.stats._knockoff

"""
The RegressionFDR class implements the 'Knockoff' approach for
controlling false discovery rates (FDR) in regression analysis.

The knockoff approach does not require standard errors.  Thus one
application is to provide inference for parameter estimates that are
not smooth functions of the data.  For example, the knockoff approach
can be used to do inference for parameter estimates obtained from the
LASSO, of from stepwise variable selection.

The knockoff approach controls FDR for parameter estimates that may be
dependent, such as coefficient estimates in a multiple regression
model.

The knockoff approach is applicable whenever the test statistic can be
computed entirely from x'y and x'x, where x is the design matrix and y
is the vector of responses.

Reference
---------
Rina Foygel Barber, Emmanuel Candes (2015).  Controlling the False
Discovery Rate via Knockoffs.  Annals of Statistics 43:5.
http://statweb.stanford.edu/~candes/papers/FDR_regression.pdf
"""

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from statsmodels.iolib import summary2


[docs]class RegressionFDR(object): """ Control FDR in a regression procedure. Parameters ---------- endog : array_like The dependent variable of the regression exog : array_like The independent variables of the regression regeffects : RegressionEffects instance An instance of a RegressionEffects class that can compute effect sizes for the regression coefficients. method : str The approach used to assess and control FDR, currently must be 'knockoff'. Returns ------- Returns an instance of the RegressionFDR class. The `fdr` attribute holds the estimated false discovery rates. Notes ----- This class Implements the knockoff method of Barber and Candes. This is an approach for controlling the FDR of a variety of regression estimation procedures, including correlation coefficients, OLS regression, OLS with forward selection, and LASSO regression. For other approaches to FDR control in regression, see the statsmodels.stats.multitest module. Methods provided in that module use Z-scores or p-values, and therefore require standard errors for the coefficient estimates to be available. The default method for constructing the augmented design matrix is the 'equivariant' approach, set `design_method='sdp'` to use an alternative approach involving semidefinite programming. See Barber and Candes for more information about both approaches. The sdp approach requires that the cvxopt package be installed. """ def __init__(self, endog, exog, regeffects, method="knockoff", **kwargs): if hasattr(exog, "columns"): self.xnames = exog.columns else: self.xnames = ["x%d" % j for j in range(exog.shape[1])] exog = np.asarray(exog) endog = np.asarray(endog) if "design_method" not in kwargs: kwargs["design_method"] = "equi" nobs, nvar = exog.shape if kwargs["design_method"] == "equi": exog1, exog2, _ = _design_knockoff_equi(exog) elif kwargs["design_method"] == "sdp": exog1, exog2, _ = _design_knockoff_sdp(exog) endog = endog - np.mean(endog) self.endog = endog self.exog = np.concatenate((exog1, exog2), axis=1) self.exog1 = exog1 self.exog2 = exog2 self.stats = regeffects.stats(self) unq, inv, cnt = np.unique(self.stats, return_inverse=True, return_counts=True) # The denominator of the FDR cc = np.cumsum(cnt) denom = len(self.stats) - cc + cnt denom[denom < 1] = 1 # The numerator of the FDR ii = np.searchsorted(unq, -unq, side='right') - 1 numer = cc[ii] numer[ii < 0] = 0 # The knockoff+ estimated FDR fdrp = (1 + numer) / denom # The knockoff estimated FDR fdr = numer / denom self.fdr = fdr[inv] self.fdrp = fdrp[inv] self._ufdr = fdr self._unq = unq df = pd.DataFrame(index=self.xnames) df["Stat"] = self.stats df["FDR+"] = self.fdrp df["FDR"] = self.fdr self.fdr_df = df def threshold(self, tfdr): """ Returns the threshold statistic for a given target FDR. """ if np.min(self._ufdr) <= tfdr: return self._unq[self._ufdr <= tfdr][0] else: return np.inf def summary(self): summ = summary2.Summary() summ.add_title("Regression FDR results") summ.add_df(self.fdr_df) return summ
def _design_knockoff_sdp(exog): """ Use semidefinite programming to construct a knockoff design matrix. Requires cvxopt to be installed. """ try: from cvxopt import solvers, matrix except ImportError: raise ValueError("SDP knockoff designs require installation of cvxopt") nobs, nvar = exog.shape # Standardize exog xnm = np.sum(exog**2, 0) xnm = np.sqrt(xnm) exog = exog / xnm Sigma = np.dot(exog.T, exog) c = matrix(-np.ones(nvar)) h0 = np.concatenate((np.zeros(nvar), np.ones(nvar))) h0 = matrix(h0) G0 = np.concatenate((-np.eye(nvar), np.eye(nvar)), axis=0) G0 = matrix(G0) h1 = 2 * Sigma h1 = matrix(h1) i, j = np.diag_indices(nvar) G1 = np.zeros((nvar*nvar, nvar)) G1[i*nvar + j, i] = 1 G1 = matrix(G1) solvers.options['show_progress'] = False sol = solvers.sdp(c, G0, h0, [G1], [h1]) sl = np.asarray(sol['x']).ravel() xcov = np.dot(exog.T, exog) exogn = _get_knmat(exog, xcov, sl) return exog, exogn, sl def _design_knockoff_equi(exog): """ Construct an equivariant design matrix for knockoff analysis. Follows the 'equi-correlated knockoff approach of equation 2.4 in Barber and Candes. Constructs a pair of design matrices exogs, exogn such that exogs is a scaled/centered version of the input matrix exog, exogn is another matrix of the same shape with cov(exogn) = cov(exogs), and the covariances between corresponding columns of exogn and exogs are as small as possible. """ nobs, nvar = exog.shape if nobs < 2*nvar: msg = "The equivariant knockoff can ony be used when n >= 2*p" raise ValueError(msg) # Standardize exog xnm = np.sum(exog**2, 0) xnm = np.sqrt(xnm) exog = exog / xnm xcov = np.dot(exog.T, exog) ev, _ = np.linalg.eig(xcov) evmin = np.min(ev) sl = min(2*evmin, 1) sl = sl * np.ones(nvar) exogn = _get_knmat(exog, xcov, sl) return exog, exogn, sl def _get_knmat(exog, xcov, sl): # Utility function, see equation 2.2 of Barber & Candes. nobs, nvar = exog.shape ash = np.linalg.inv(xcov) ash *= -np.outer(sl, sl) i, j = np.diag_indices(nvar) ash[i, j] += 2 * sl umat = np.random.normal(size=(nobs, nvar)) u, _ = np.linalg.qr(exog) umat -= np.dot(u, np.dot(u.T, umat)) umat, _ = np.linalg.qr(umat) ashr, xc, _ = np.linalg.svd(ash, 0) ashr *= np.sqrt(xc) ashr = ashr.T ex = (sl[:, None] * np.linalg.solve(xcov, exog.T)).T exogn = exog - ex + np.dot(umat, ashr) return exogn